Screen printing characteristics and technology of

At present, the surface decoration of ceramic vessels has changed from traditional hand-painted and spray painting to simple and easy silk printing decal transfer printing. However, the silk printing technology of ceramic decal paper is not completely equivalent to ordinary printing. This paper introduces the technical problems in this regard

characteristics of ceramic decal paper

1) ceramic decal paper is mainly used for the pattern and color decoration of ceramic vessels, which can replace the hand-painted and spray color technology used in the past

2) the image and text resolution of ceramic decal paper can reach 40 ~ 50 lines/cm

3) after the printing ink pattern on 300mm paper is pasted on the ceramic vessel, it needs to be fired at 700 ~ 800 ℃ or 1100 ~ 1350 ℃ to adhere firmly. The color depends on the type of chromogenic agent in the ceramic

4) ceramic decal paper is the carrier of ceramic decorative patterns, which is divided into ceramic overglaze decal paper and ceramic underglaze decal paper. Flower paper differs slightly due to its composition

5) due to the strong hiding power and poor transparency of ceramic ink, the printing principle of three primary colors cannot be used at present, and the dot printing method adopts non overprint side-by-side special color dot printing

6) the ink used for the printing of overglaze decal paper is high-temperature solvent ink, and the printing ink of underglaze decal paper is high-temperature water-based ink

classification of ceramic decal printing

according to the sequence of decals and glazing and the different sintering methods, the ceramic decal printing process is divided into ceramic overglaze decal printing and ceramic underglaze decal printing

1. Ceramic glaze decal printing

ceramic glaze decal is obtained by first glazing ceramic vessels, then pasting decal paper, and then sintering, that is, the pattern is printed on the surface of PVB (polyvinyl butyral) film with ceramic pigment, and the PVB film is coated with PVB solution twice on the backing paper coated with perchloroethylene adhesive (180g/m2) (the total thickness is 0.01 ~ 0.011mm). When in use, first separate the backing paper from the PVB film printed with the pattern, then dip the PVB film into alcohol and paste it on the glaze of the ceramic vessel, and then sinter it at 780 ~ 830 ℃, the PVB film carbonizes and decomposes, and the color pattern is attached to the surface of the ceramic vessel to complete the color transfer of the ceramic vessel

2. Ceramic underglaze decal paper print

ceramic underglaze decal is to paste decal paper on the embryo of ceramic utensils, and then apply a layer of transparent enamel, which is burned into colored ceramic utensils at high temperature. Ceramic underglaze decal paper printing is to print the pattern on the decal paper. This kind of decal paper is temporarily mounted with cotton paper and 180g/m2 wood pulp paper. The mounting liquid is generally made of adhesive and filling liquid in a certain proportion. When mounting, special mounting liquid must be used. The carrier of the picture and text is cotton paper, also known as leather paper. When using it, 11. Make a record of the use of the falling pendulum impact testing machine, transfer the flower paper to the ceramic embryo, remove the lining paper, and then apply a layer of transparent enamel to cover the whole ceramic embryo, and then sinter the ceramic embryo into a colored ceramic vessel at below 1350 ℃

composition of porcelain ink

1 Composition of overglaze ceramic ink

binder: it is composed of organic solvents that dissolve solids and resins

chromogenic agent: heavy metal oxide, which determines the hue of ceramics after firing

additives: increase the brightness of the color, so that the printing ink can be fused with the ceramic glaze after being baked. Commonly used additives are lead glass and low melting point boron

2. The composition of underglaze ceramic ink is the same as that of overglaze ceramic ink, but the binder is a water-soluble material

ceramic decal printing process

1) yellow or other dyed nylon yarn is used

2) the rolling wave of 270 ~ 3 industrial 4.0 for ordinary ceramic products has swept the world with 20 mesh/inch wires; It is easier to produce relief effect when using 220 ~ 250 mesh/inch silk for flower surface; 340 ~ 400 mesh/inch wire is used for fine text products

3) the proportional relationship between the minimum number of stitches and the number of wire mesh in color dot printing is: the number of stitches: the number of wire mesh = 1:3, but we must consider the comprehensive factors such as the particle size of ceramic ink, excessive and no moire

4) moire phenomenon in color dot printing can be eliminated or reduced by changing the number of wire mesh, line angle or tension angle, dot type and dot arrangement

5) the plate used for printing overglaze ceramic ink should be solvent resistant, and the plate should be made with oil sensitive photoresist, water oil amphoteric photoresist or photosensitive capillary diaphragm

the plate for underglaze porcelain ink printing should be water-resistant, and the plate should be made with water-resistant sexy light glue or water oil amphoteric photosensitive glue

6) precautions for printing ceramic decal paper

① the printing environment temperature should be kept at 22 ~ 26 ℃, and the relative humidity should be 65 ~ 70%

② when printing underglaze chromatic decal paper, the paper should be placed in the printing place in advance. The storage time depends on the ambient temperature and humidity, which is generally a few days. It can be printed after the size is stable

source: Printing Technology